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Holding Techniques
The hold techniques listed below will probably be familiar to anyone who has practised Judo. The techniques are
used in competition to pin an opponent to the ground in order to score points. The roots of these techniques lie in
their use to subdue an opponent when fighting on the ground. Fighting on the ground is obviously not the best place
to be (unless your name is Gracie of course) as it makes escape difficult, and if there are multiple or armed attackers
your chance of surviving the encounter drops very rapidly.
Ashi Kanketsu - Leg Locks
- ASHI GARAMI - entangled leg-lock
- ASHI KANNUKI - leg bolt lock
- HIZA HISHIGI - knee crush
- HIZA TORI GARAMI - entwined leg-lock / opponent's knee entanglement
- KATA ASHI HISHIGI - single leg crush
- RYO ASHI HISHIGI - double leg crush
- TATE SHIHO HIZA HISHIGI - lower four quarters knee crush
Gatame - Pinning/Holding
- KAMI SANGAKU GATAME - upper triangular hold†
- KAMI SHIHO GATAME - upper four quarters hold†
- KATA OSAE GATAME - shoulder hold† ‡
- KATA GATAME - shoulder trap hold† ‡
- KASHIRA GATAME - head hold† ‡
- KESA GATAME - scarf hold† ‡
- MAKURA KESA GATAME - pillow scarf hold† ‡
- MUNE GATAME - chest hold†
- SANGAKU GATAME - triangular hold† ‡
- TATE SANGAKU GATAME - lower triangular hold†
- TATE SHIHO GATAME - trunk hold / lower/vertical four quarters hold†
- UKI GATAME - floating hold†
- URA GATAME - rear hold†
- YOKO SHIHO GATAME - side four quarters hold† ‡
Kubi Kanketsu - Spine Locks
- ATAMI HISHIGI - head crush
- GYAKU HISHIGI - reverse crush
- KESA GATAME KUBI HISHIGI - scarf hold neck crush
- KUBI HISHIGI - neck crush
- TOMOE HISHIGI - stomach /rolling neck crush
Ude Kanketsu - Arm Locks
- ASHI GATAME - foot/ankle arm-lock
- ASHI SANGAKU GARAMI - leg triangle entangling arm-lock
- GYAKU KESA GARAMI - reverse scarf entangling arm-lock
- HANTAI UDE KUJIKI - reverse arm crush
- HARA GATAME - stomach arm-lock
- HIZA GATAME - knee arm-lock
- JUJI GATAME - cross straight arm-lock†
- KAMI HIZA GATAME - knee arm-lock
- KESA GARAMI - scarf hold arm-lock
- KUZURI KAMI SHIHO GARAMI - broken upper four quarters arm-lock
- MUNE GYAKU - chest lock
- RYO HIZA GATAME - double knee arm-lock
- SHIME GARAMI - strangle lock
- UDE GATAME - cross/straight arm-lock/arm-crush
- UDE GARAMI - arm entanglement / bent arm-lock
- UDE HIJI ASHI KANSETSU - elbow lock
- WAKI GATAME - arm pit hold‡
- YOKO HIZA GATAME - side knee lock
Variations
There are essentially two variations to basic ground holds:
- KUZURI - Broken holds [ Denoted by † ]
- USHIRO(or occasionally GYAKU) - Reverse holds [ Denoted by ‡ ]
Broken holds are ones in which the jitsuka has been unable to attain a technically perfect hold. His legs may be in the
wrong position, an arm may have got loose, the general position has been applied off centre, etc.
Reverse holds are where the jitsuka has adopted a reverse position, but the technique is still there in essence.
This leads to hold downs such as:
- Kuzuri juji gatame
- Ushiro waki gatame
- Kuzuri ushiro keza gatame
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